| Greensheet Fall 1997
- Table of Contents -
IAB ANNUAL MEETING 1997: TELEHEALTH
AND FEDERAL ANTI-FRAUD AND ABUSE INITIATIVES POSE CHALLENGES FOR
REGULATORS
The International Association of Boards of Examiners in Optometry
hosted its 78th Annual Meeting at the Adam's Mark, St. Louis,
Missouri, on Monday, June 9 and Tuesday, June 10, 1997. A special
workshop was held off-site at the University of St. Louis at
Missouri on Sunday, June 8. The meeting, scheduled over three days,
brought together 55 representatives from 32 boards of optometry, as
well as other invited speakers and guests. Total attendance at the
Annual Meeting was 75 individuals representing 41 various
organizations.
The three-day meeting featured two unique workshops on the
opening day, both of which were held at the University of St. Louis
at Missouri (UMSL). The first workshop on Internet Communications
was held in the computer labs of UMSL; the first-class technology
enabled the delegates to enjoy a unique 'hands-on' tour of some
major web sites on the Internet. Led by Mr. Ernie Patterson, IAB's
technical consultant, the delegates learned how the Internet is
organized, how to research information using search engines, and
importantly, how web-sites can share information with licensees.
Robert Sorrell, O.D., Chair of the IAB's Data Collection Committee,
discussed with workshop attendees the benefits of sharing licensee
data with the IAB. Dr. Sorrell enumerated the benefits of a databank
that pooled licensee information, both demographic and disciplinary
in nature.
The afternoon session saw the repeat of the popular National
Board Workshop, presented by the staff of the National Board of
Examiners in Optometry. This interactive presentation allowed the
delegates to gain a first hand look at the workings behind the
organization that administers the primary licensing exam for
optometrists in the U.S. The NB Workshop gave attendees a chance to
question NB staff on the 'mechanics' of exam construction and
testing techniques while also engaging in a Patient Management
Problem (PMP's) test item writing session that many described as a
"real learning experience." National Board staff in attendance
included: Executive Director Norman E. Wallis, Ph.D., O.D.; NB
Director of Psychometrics and Research Leon J. Gross, Ph.D.; and NB
Coordinator of Clinical Examinations, Charles L. Haine, O.D.
The IAB House of Delegates convened on Monday, June 9, and began
two days of discussions and presentations that addressed the issues
that currently impact licensing jurisdictions, and the laws and
regulations that govern the scope of optometric practice. In
addition to the business of the association, the House of Delegates
considered or reviewed the following key issues: progress on the
work of the Council on Optometric Practitioner Education (COPE); a
Bylaws amendment; a panel discussion on Telehealth; a report on
endorsement regulations; a presentation on development and
implementation of a quality assurance program for boards; and
reports from several allied organizations, including the Association
for Schools and Colleges of Optometry (ASCO); the American
Optometric Association (AOA) State Government Legislation Office;
the AOA's Licensure & Regulation Committee; and the American
Optometric Student Association (AOSA). The House of Delegates also
heard a report from the IAB's Data Collection Committee on a new
Federal anti-fraud and abuse initiative called the Health Care
Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HCIPDB).
According to an attendee survey conducted at the meeting, the two
hottest topics of the meeting were the presentations on telehealth
and the federal anti-fraud and abuse program. The telehealth
presentation featured analysis and legal perspectives from Mr.
Johnny Loper, Special Counsel to the North Carolina State Board of
Examiners in Optometry and a featured speaker at the Annual Meeting;
Mr. Thomas Eichhorst, AOA Counsel; Ms. Sherry Cooper, AOA Staff; and
special guest speaker Dr. Yadin David, President of the Center for
Telemedicine Law. Telehealth was an almost entirely new topic to the
delegates at the meeting, and Dr. Yadin's presentation held the
close attention of the delegates as he explained the possibilities
that modern technology offered for the delivery of patient care.
While the panelists agreed that telehealth offered few opportunities
to optometry at the present, there was a general recognition that
this form of health care delivery will undoubtedly impact the scope
of practitioner licensure in the near future. In response to this
emerging issue, the IAB created a new Telehealth sub-committee to
continue investigating the potential impact on member licensing
boards.
The federal Fraud and Abuse Databank, which has been subsequently
renamed the Health Care Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HCIPDB),
also posed new concerns for delegates. HCIPDB was created by a
provision of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
of 1996 (commonly referred to as the Kennedy-Kassebaum Act) and
requires state boards to report disciplinary and other data on
licensees to a national data bank. Dr. Robert Sorrell presented a
report to the delegates on the involvement of IAB in the discussions
regarding the rules development phase of the data bank, and urged
delegates to be proactive in the process by sharing data with IAB
(who will in turn share it with HCIPDB). Dr. Sorrell outlined means
by which the IAB could play a role in sharing the data with state
boards as a means to ascertain whether a licensure applicant has a
disciplinary record in another state. The IAB continues to be
involved in the ongoing development of HCIPDB.
One of the final presentations that delegates saw at the Annual
Meeting was a two-issue presentation from the IAB's Contemporary
Issues in Optometry Committee on endorsement, and quality assurance.
Delegates were informed of the results of a recent IAB survey on the
extent of endorsement laws throughout the nation, and were presented
with a list of IAB-developed Definition of Common Terms. The panel
discussion on endorsement was moderated by Dr. Ronald Detwiler, and
featured Dr. Ed Williams, Vice President of the Colorado Board of
Examiners in Optometry; Ms. Sherry Cooper of the AOA; Dr. Russ Jones
of the AOA Licensure & Regulation Committee; and Dr. D.R.
Gordon, IAB Director. The panelists reemphasized the issue as a
legitimate concern for many practitioners, however, this concern was
tempered to a certain degree with the recognition that the process
of re-examining, re-writing, or even creating endorsement rules and
regulations was a lengthy process often fraught with complications.
The IAB continues to monitor the issue on behalf of member licensing
boards.
The last presentation of the day featured Dr. John Brand,
Secretary of the Utah Optometric Association Quality Assurance
Program, and Dr. Lyman Norden, a member of the AOA Commission on
Quality Assessment and Improvement, discussing the benefits and
implications of developing a quality assurance program. The
delegates were introduced to the Utah Optometric Association Quality
Assurance Program, and reviewed the mechanisms involved in starting
such a program. Dr. Norden discussed the views of the AOA on quality
assurance, and delegates asked questions of both presenters on the
effects of such a program on the quality of care delivered to
patients.
The House of Delegates also passed four resolutions (summaries
follow below) which are currently being reviewed by the Judicial
Council. The full text of all four resolutions will be reproduced in
the next issue of the Greensheet:
- Recognizes the work of Dr. Phillip Ernzen upon retirement from
the IAB Board of Directors, and his contributions to IAB member
boards and to the profession;
- Recognizes the work of Dr. George Foster upon retirement from
the COE, and his contributions to IAB member boards and to the
profession;
- Approved the list of accredited schools/colleges of optometry
as submitted to the House of Delegates by COE;
- Congratulates AOA on the occasion of the 100th Anniversary of
the AOA Annual Congress and recognizes contributions to the
profession.
The House of Delegates chose this occasion to recognize Howard F.
Flippin, O.D., who passed the gavel to incoming President, Ronald E.
Serfoss, O.D. Dr. Flippin was presented with a handsome wall plaque
recognizing his contributions to the IAB and commemorating his
service as President. Steven H. Eyler, O.D., and James W. Hartzell,
O.D., were elected as Vice-President and Secretary-Treasurer,
respectively for the 1997-98 term (see related story this issue).
This meeting also saw the retirement of Phillip L. Ernzen, O.D.,
of Wichita, Kansas, who had served on the Board for five years. Dr.
Ernzen was unable to attend the meeting, however, in his absence the
Board recognized his service to the profession. The delegates
recognized Dr. Ernzen's contributions by adopting a resolution
honoring him and affirming his Life Membership, and presented him
with a handsome wall plaque.
IAB ELECTS LEADERSHIP FOR
1997-98
At the IAB's 78th Annual Meeting in St. Louis, Missouri, in June,
Ronald E. Serfoss, O.D., was elected President of the IAB for the
1997-98 term, and two new Board members, Drs. Don Crouch and Bob
Sorrell were elected (see separate interview with Dr. Serfoss in
this issue).
Dr. Serfoss was elected to the IAB Board of Directors in 1994 and
previously served on the Illinois Optometric Licensing &
Disciplinary Board. New IAB officers are: Steven H. Eyler, O.D., of
Charlotte, North Carolina, as Vice-President, and James W. Hartzell,
O.D., of Des Moines, Iowa, as Secretary-Treasurer. Dr. Eyler
previously served on the North Carolina State Board of Examiners in
Optometry, and Dr. Hartzell has served on the Iowa Board of
Optometry Examiners.
The IAB welcomes two new directors to the Board: Drs. Donovan L.
Crouch and Robert Sorrell. Dr. Crouch, O.D. is a serving board
member of the Iowa Board of Optometry Examiners, and is a 1963
graduate of the Illinois College of Optometry, where he was a member
of the Honorary Tomb and Key Fraternity. He is a member of the AOA,
IOA, AOF and AAO, was a recipient of the Iowa Optometrist of the
Year Award. He is also the immediate past president of the North
Central States Optometric Congress and presently serves on the AOA
Ethics and Values Committee. Dr. Crouch has been in private practice
since 1963 and his family consists of wife Lois, and children
Cyndee, Craig, Charles and Kevin. Dr. Crouch keeps involved in the
local community with service on the Board of Directors at Methodist
Manor, as a trustee of the United Methodist Church, and through
activities with Boy Scouts, Little League, Community Chest, and the
Chamber of Commerce.
"I am very honored to have been elected to the IAB Board of
Directors," said Dr. Crouch. "I believe our biggest challenge is to
fill the needs of our member boards of Optometry. Our profession is
rapidly changing and to keep up with the times will take the support
of everyone. Communication is the key to success.
"I feel fortunate to be a part of the decision-making process
that affects our profession at the national level and accept the
challenge. I have served on the Iowa Board of Examiners for 8 years
and feel I have been well prepared to serve on the IAB Board."
Dr. Sorrell recently completed service with the Ohio Board of
Optometry and is a 1978 graduate of The Ohio State University
College of Optometry. He is a member of the AOA and OOA and
presently serves as the Chair of the IAB's Information & Data
Services Committee.
Dr. Sorrell is married to Marcia, and his civic activities
include participation in the Cincinnati United Way. He was also a
past chair of the Middletown Area United Way, a past director of
both the Middletown YMCA and Chamber of Commerce, and is a Deacon
with the 1st Presbyterian Church.
Dr. Sorrell welcomed his appointment to the Board. "State Boards
of Optometry are entering a new era of information exchange that
will significantly alter how we manage information about the
profession of optometry. We will need to track practitioners,
monitor continuing education and report to the consumer through new
and evolving electronic mediums. Through the IAB, I would like to
help state boards achieve this shift in how we do business.
"As an organization, I believe the IAB needs to continue to
develop ways for our member boards of optometry to improve and help
do their job. I would like to see the IAB at the forefront of
suggesting new ideas and directives for regulatory effectiveness in
the profession of optometry. It is the job of the IAB to be a
resource for boards of optometry, and to also serve as a forum for
board members and board executives to exchange ideas and
information."
Drs. Crouch and Sorrell are joining fellow remaining members of
the Board of Directors: Howard F. Flippin, O.D., of Searcy,
Arkansas, serving as Immediate Past President, and Board Directors:
Linda M. Dejmek, O.D., of Appleton, Wisconsin; Mary L. Freitag,
O.D., of Greeley, Colorado; D.R. Gordon, O.D., of Clinton, Illinois;
and Frank L. Salimeno, O.D., of Ogden, Utah.
DR. RON SERFOSS IS ELECTED IAB PRESIDENT
1997-98
In an interview held shortly after the IAB Annual Meeting
concluded, Dr. Serfoss noted the beginning of a new administrative
year for the IAB and stated his goals for the coming year. The full
text of the interview follows:
Q. How did you get involved with the IAB and/or your state
board?
I was first appointed to the Illinois Optometry Board in 1985,
serving for ten years, several as Secretary and then as Vice
Chairman. During those ten years Illinois began a clinical practical
that was modeled on guidelines started by the IAB with consultants
from the National Board. At that time Illinois began collaborative
efforts with other states from the Midwest to develop a regional
practical, a concept later adopted by many states as they signed on
to use the National Board Clinical Skills Examination. During the
development of that examination all of the members of the Illinois
Board became involved with the IAB.
Q. How has the IAB changed over the years since you first had
contact with the IAB as a state board member, and describe some of
the most important IAB projects?
One of the first IAB meeting that I attended was the last of the
meetings with an independent executive director (IAB contracted with
an association management company, PAI Management, shortly
thereafter to provide administrative services). A few years later
the contract with the National Board was signed, and this in turn
created the IAB National Board Examination Review Committee. At the
urging of several leaders in academic optometry the IAB accepted the
challenge to attempt to create a system of continuing education
approval that would serve our individual state boards, utilizing
criteria from existing state laws to set common standards. From the
CE classification system to COPE, the IAB has taken the initiative
to assist our member states in using CE as it was intended. The
practicality of the relationship with the National Board, and the
success of COPE has provided a new and invigorating sense of
direction to IAB, that has been coupled with an infusion of new,
hard-working talent on the Board of Directors. All this has lead to
further gains by IAB on behalf of our member boards.
During the recent development of a greater role of the federal
government in health care, the IAB began a data project to
accumulate an accurate data base of all licensed optometrists in the
54 licensing jurisdictions. No sustainable, coordinated, data base
has ever existed for optometry. With much perseverance and work, a
committee of the IAB now has the most accurate accounting of all
licensed optometrists in over twenty years.
The IAB continues to bring contemporary issues to the forefront.
We have sponsored discussions of contact lens Rx release and
licensure by endorsement. We have represented optometry at the
multi-disciplinary Interprofessional Workgroup on Health Professions
Regulation (IWHPR), a group that developed a unified response to the
Pew Health Professions Commission, Taskforce on Healthcare Workforce
Regulation Report, "Reforming Health Care Workforce Regulation:
Policy Considerations for the 21st Century." We have aggressively
pursued consultants with the Department of Health & Human
Services regarding the new Health Care Integrity and Protection Data
Bank (HCIPDB) to benefit member boards. We have explored new areas
in licensure, such as telehealth.
The IAB's participation at all these levels is indicative of a
healthy, progressive organization that demonstrates leadership in
the profession.
Q. What sort of issues will IAB be facing during the next
year?
The IAB currently has committees preparing background material on
several key topics that will face state boards in the near future:
- How will telehealth affect the licensed practice of optometry?
- Will CE continue to be optometry's answer for assuring the
public of the continuing competence of our licensed practitioners?
- What mandates will the Department of Health and Human Services
place on individual states to report to the Health Care Integrity
and Protection Data Bank (HCIPDB)? Who will collect the
information for optometry? What will be the standards for
reporting practitioner license infractions?
- How does credentialing fit into licensing?
- Is there member board interest in a data bank that can store
CE credits for individual states or doctors?
There are, of course, may other hard issues that will arise, and
we encourage our member boards to seek our assistance in addressing
them.
Q. Can you tell us about some of the IAB activities that
deserve special attention by members?
Have you visited the IAB web page? The Data and Information
Services committee has developed a great web site. The COPE
committee soon will have a web site offering visitors the
opportunity to access all of the CE courses approved by COPE over
the last three years. The International Committee is hosting a
conference in conjunction with the American Academy of Optometry
(AAO) meeting in San Antonio, TX, about the regulation and licensing
of optometrists in other countries, and the possible difficulties
our members face with licensing applicants with international
training. The 1998 Annual Meeting also promises to be a true
learning event for attendees, with presentations and discussions on
many of the issues that have caught the attention of our member
boards.
Q. Where is the future of IAB?
In the twelve years that I have been involved with IAB, the
organization has matured and mostly because of the strong leadership
of our past Boards and committees. The IAB has a unique place in
organizations that are associated with optometry because as members
of licensing boards we are appointed to oversee the educational
qualifications of applicants for license, to give examinations, to
determine that entry level skills are present for those initially
licensed, and to assure that licensed optometrists continue to
maintain a level of competency to practice. The IAB is the buffer
between institutions of professional training and public licensure
and at the same time the buffer between the political system and
licensure. This is a difficult role, but it's not impossible and it
is certainly necessary.
COPE has opened new doors in our relationships with allied
organizations, and we have continued to strengthen those
relationship with further joint projects. Using the success of COPE,
it is now time to expand our abilities to provide new solutions and
information to our member boards. Broadening our services to the
profession will solidify, and ultimately enhance our credibility in
the optometric community.
Q. Is there anything you'd like to say to the members?
As we proceed in the next few years we will not shy from the
difficult questions, rather we wish to ask them. We are uniquely
placed to be leaders in the continuing evolution of our great
profession. How can the association of licensing jurisdictions
function to assist each member board to fulfill its duty? We believe
that only by bringing issues to the forefront of awareness and by
foreseeing those issues that will affect us all, can this
organization effectively serve its members and assure its vitality.
We are always listening. Bring your state reports to our Annual
Meeting. Bring new board members to the National Board Workshop at
the Annual Meeting. Volunteer to serve on a committee. Share the
problems you face as a member of your state board. Bring the
perplexing and interesting experiences of your state laws and rules
to the Annual Meeting. If you have a question or an idea call a
board member. Participate.
Together we really will achieve more.
ASCO-IAB AGREEMENT ON COPE SIGNED: COPE BEGINS
PROCESSING CE FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES
A new agreement signed between the Association of Schools and
Colleges of Optometry (ASCO) and the International Association of
Boards of Examiners in Optometry (IAB) has opened the door to permit
COE-accredited institutions to use the Council on Optometric
Practitioner Education (COPE) program to obtain approval for
continuing education.
The agreement, signed at the IAB's Annual Meeting in St. Louis,
MO, on June 10, 1997, permits Active Members of ASCO to utilize the
services provided by COPE if complying with guidelines incorporated
into the agreement. The agreement is valid for one year, and both
parties recognize that the success of this trial period will set the
tone for future discussions on its renewal.
"The agreement recognizes the fact that accredited institutions
are already held to higher standards than other providers of CE. The
agreement spells out the administrative necessities that must be met
in order for COPE to report approved CE to boards of optometry, but
more importantly it requires schools and colleges to agree to meet
the same standards that COPE has always required. The standards for
course and administrator qualification have not been relaxed," said
Howard F. Flippin, O.D., Immediate Past President of the IAB and a
participant in the talks that led to the final agreement.
COPE is a clearinghouse for approval of optometric continuing
education on behalf of multiple boards of optometry, while
simultaneously creating uniform standards for CE administrators and
lecturers to present courses for approval. COPE was created as a
service for participating boards of optometry to reduce the
duplicative efforts expended by boards when reviewing and approving
courses that have already undergone the same process in other
states.
As part of the process, a practitioner attending a COPE Approved
course can be assured that the licensing board s/he submits CE
credit to for that course will accept it as credit towards
re-licensure. Boards of optometry always reserve the right to review
individual local courses.
Forty-one boards of optometry now accept COPE approved courses.
The agreement is seen by IAB as a new incentive for other boards to
consider the benefits of joining the national clearing-house. The
implementation of COPE had initially garnered little response from
ASCO, although it provoked considerable discussion amongst CE
Directors at schools. Over time, however, the criticisms of COPE
have been mitigated by the success of the project at setting the
standards for CE that accommodate the needs of boards, while giving
CE administrators and lecturers the opportunity to reduce the costs
and paperwork associated with gaining credit for programs from
multiple boards. This in turn resulted in a new appraisal of COPE
from many groups involved with CE delivery. IAB believes the
agreement with ASCO will pave the way for new projects that could
also see profession-wide benefits.
Ronald Serfoss, O.D., IAB President, noted, "We are extremely
pleased to secure this agreement with ASCO. We believe this
agreement will not only provide boards of optometry with another
reason to value their participation in COPE, but will significantly
benefit practitioners who are seeking quality CE from accredited
institutions and who need the security of CE approval that will come
with the courses COPE approves. This agreement is built on the
cooperation of our two organizations to improve CE, and we have high
hopes that this will also lead to other joint projects of mutual
interest and benefit."
Jerry W. Strickland, O.D., Ph.D., Dean of the College of
Optometry, University of Houston, and ASCO President, noted, "The
Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry has worked with the
IAB to develop an appropriate, collegial and complementary
relationship for the benefit of the profession. This agreement on
COPE is the first in what we believe will be an ongoing dialog with
the IAB as we work to promote entry level and continuing
practitioner competence."
COPE: THREE MORE STATES JOIN FORTY-ONE
BOARDS NOW ACCEPT COPE
The Council on Optometric Practitioner Education (COPE), now in
operation for over two years, is pleased to announce the recent
decision of three states to begin accepting COPE Approved courses.
COPE received announcements from the Massachusetts Board of
Optometry, the New York State Board for Optometry, and the Oklahoma
Board of Examiners in Optometry, stating their intent to begin
accepting COPE Approved Courses. Forty-one (41) boards of optometry
now accept COPE approved courses.
Peter P. Cottone, Jr., O.D., Chair of the Massachusetts Board of
Optometry, said, "The centralized, combined resources approach that
COPE has developed will go a long way towards relieving the
increasingly onerous burden of reviewing enormous amounts of
continuing education courses received by the Massachusetts Board of
Optometry. Having one organization conduct the review process on our
behalf (as well as for forty other participating boards) will free
up valuable clerical staff time that will be allocated to other
critical tasks that will be of benefit to both Massachusetts
licensees, and the general public.
"Out-of-state Massachusetts licensees will also reap the benefit
of our participation in COPE as identifying courses that comply with
our requirements for re-licensure will be considerably easier. As
COPE courses are presented nationwide, and by an increasing number
of CE vendors, it should prove comparatively easy for out-of-state
licensees to find a COPE course and accumulate the necessary credits
for re-licensure."
Dr. Frank Salimeno, IAB Board member and board liaison to the
COPE committee, noted, "We are extremely pleased to welcome the
Massachusetts Board of Optometry, the New York State Board for
Optometry, and the Oklahoma Board of Examiners in Optometry as COPE
participating states. The recognition by all three states that
COPE's standards meet or exceeds their own lends additional
credibility to our program, and adds extra value to the program with
their participation."
Program Changes
COPE is in the process of updating both the Information and
Application for Course Qualification and Information and Application
for Administrator Qualification booklets. We anticipate that the
Course Qualification booklet will be released in late October, and
the Administrator Qualification booklet in late November. A brief
summary of the changes:
- Information and Application for Course Qualification: This
booklet provides instructions to course instructors on how file a
course with COPE for review. As with the previous edition (12/95)
of this booklet, a sample course application and outline will be
included. Changes include:
- Addition of two new course categories:
Peri-Operative
Management Of Ophthalmic Surgery (The study and clinical
training of any ophthalmic surgical procedure of the eye and
adnexa); and Refractive Surgery Management
(Instruction and/or clinical training in refractive or
photorefractive technologies, which may include Peri-operative
Patient Management: Counseling and evaluation for indications or
contraindications in patient selection, including recognition of
associated complications and course of action in analysis and
treatment);
- New language designed to clarify issues
regarding:
co-instructors and adjunct
instructors; learning objectives; CV's; workshops and
lectures; course descriptions; TQ courses
- New filing requirements for:
TQ courses;
- New course format and presentation, Internet/On-line, that
will permit the filing of interactive Internet courses;
- Redesigned application forms will now capture e-mail and WWW
site addresses.
- Information and Application for Administrator Qualification:
This booklet provides information and guidelines to CE providers
on how to become a COPE Qualified Administrator and details the
criteria COPE has established for the delivery of continuing
education. Changes include:
- Revised criteria to which CE providers must adhere in order
to receive the COPE Qualified Administrator designation. This
change permits Qualified Administrators to advertise
meetings/conferences/programs in advance of receiving COPE
Course Qualification or Approval. Specific language is
stipulated.
- COPE has received over 1,000 courses since it's inception on
January 1, 1995; has granted the COPE Qualified Administrator
designation to over 120 organizations/individuals; and approved
over 345 programs.
REPORT OF CONTINUED COMPETENCY
SUMMIT by Don Crouch, O.D., IAB Board Director
Introduction
The Continued Competency Summit sponsored by the
Interprofessional Workgroup on Health Regulation (IWHPR), was held
in Chicago on July 25-26, 1997.
The Continued Competency Summit, held July 26-26 in Chicago,
attracted over 200 attendees. Under the auspices of the
Interprofessional Workgroup on Health Professions Regulation
(IWHPR), a group of 18 organizations related to regulation of health
professionals, the conference brought together experts and
interested parties to assess the issues, methods, and realities of
continued competency. ( IWHPR represents the following health care
professions: audiology, chiropractic, medical laboratory technology,
dentistry, dietetics, medicine, nursing, nursing home
administration, occupational therapy, optometry, pharmacy, physical
therapy, physician assistants, respiratory care, social work, and
speech-language pathology. These organizations represent over four
million health care practitioners.)
Overview
The Continued Competency Summit was created in large part as a
response to the recommendations that were publicized in the Pew
Health Professions Commission-sponsored 1995 report, "Reforming
Health Care Workforce Regulation: Policy Considerations for the 21st
century." IWHPR published a response to the Pew report, and
subsequently received a grant from Pew to expand and explore on the
issues covered at the Citizen's Advocacy Center (CAC) conference on
the same issue held in December 1996. The Continued Competency
Summit was designed to go further than the CAC conference by
focusing more on workable solutions and examining existing and
proposed models.
Dr. Paul Mazmanian of the Virginia Commonwealth University
keynoted the conference, sharing research evidence related to the
effectiveness of various types of continuing education. Other
speakers debated whether approaches should focus on all
practitioners, or on a subset who are at greater risk for failure to
maintain professional competence. Ten potential mechanisms for
maintaining and/or assessing competence, ranging from self-directed
study to virtual reality, were presented by experts in the field.
Participants explored the roles of regulatory boards, certifying
agencies, professional associations, and consumers through panel
discussions and an interactive luncheon.
Participation by conference attendees was enthusiastic, and their
comments on the summit showed an appreciation for the "proactive
multi-disciplinary approach" and "the different voices within each
profession that made for a good conference."
Discussion
Under our system of professional regulation, states grant
licenses to practice a health care profession to individuals who
have received an acceptable education and who have passed an
examination that tests basic knowledge in a chosen field. The system
grants a lifetime license to practice, so long as a licensee pays
the required renewal fee and does not violate the state's
professional act. A growing concern is, how do we know any given
licensee has kept their skills and knowledge up to date.
The objectives of the Continued Competency Summit were
three-fold.
- Critically analyze the multifaceted issues related to
continued competency
- Discuss various methods of assessing continued competency
- Build collaborative relations among health care professions
Lifelong learning is to be encouraged and expected of all
professionals. The IWHPR believes that mandatory continuing
education is only one of a number of methods for maintaining
continuing competence. IWHPR recommends that:
- Entry level assessments, in keeping with the sound principles
of measurement and evaluation, should incorporate multiple
situations in which an individual must demonstrate all of the
various aspects of competence.
- The assessment of continued competence requires in-depth
study, particularly of the implications of changes due to scope of
practice evolution and specialization. The Workshop envisions a
system in which the regulatory board can intervene before there is
a serious compliant or harm to a consumer.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the implementation of the Interprofessional
Workgroup's recommendations would result in a regulatory system in
which:
- Boards with public and professional members, selected for
their expertise and commitment and supported by training and
adequate resources, make regulations, policies, and individual
decisions that assure the public of safe, competent health care
providers;
- Professionals with a solid base of knowledge, gained through
academic and clinical education, practice within their
corresponding scopes which may overlap in certain areas with other
professions. Regulatory boards of related professions voluntarily
use a variety of communication mechanisms by which they
collaborate on issues of mutual interest, including overlap in
scopes of practice;
- Upon entry into practice, competence is assured through
national, standardized tests and evidence of formal professional
education and clinical experience. Continuing competence is the
responsibility of the individual professional but is monitored by
regulatory boards for indications of potential unsafe or
incompetent practice.
This vision represents the commitment of the Interprofessional
Workgroup to continuos improvement in health professions regulation.
Additional Information
A book of proceedings of the conference is available from the
National Council (312/787-6555) for $20 plus $3 shipping, and
information about ordering audiotapes is available from AVEN, 10532
Greenwood Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98133 (1/800/810-TAPE; Web site at http://www.aven.com/).
Definition of Common Terms
The following definitions of commonly used terms were developed
by the IAB's Contemporary Issues in Optometry Committee and
presented at the St. Louis, MO, Annual Meeting. The definitions are
intended to be used as guidelines for boards seeking to apply a
commonality of understanding shared by other optometry licensing
boards for terms that are applied to describe aspects of licensure
or patient health care. Comments or suggestions are invited from
readers.
- Credentials
- An individuals documented professional history, including
detailed educational and licensing records, practice and CE
history, disciplinary actions, liability insurance status, and
health profile.
- Credentialing
- The process of assembling an individuals credentials.
- Credentials Verification
- The process of determining the accuracy of an individuals
credentials.
- Endorsement
- The determination of the equivalency of an applicants'
credentials to some or all of a states' licensure standards.
- Reciprocity
- A relationship that exists between two or more State Boards of
Optometry when they determine that their licensure standards are
equivalent or nearly equivalent, and enter into a contractual
agreement granting licenses to applicants from one another's
state.
- Privileging
- The process of determining an individuals scope of practice
based on an individuals credentials and on a defined set of
guidelines.
- Competency
- The appropriate application of knowledge and performance skill
in patient care, procedural applicability and decision making,
consistent with the profession's standard of care and the
patient's health, welfare and safety.
- Continuing Competency
- The maintenance of the appropriate level of knowledge and
skills necessary to meet the current standard of care.
REGIONAL MEETING NEWS
NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL MEETING
A regional meeting of the IAB was held Friday, January 31, 1997
at the Hyatt Regency hotel in Minneapolis, MN. IAB Board Director,
James W. Hartzell, O.D., conducted the mid-day meeting for about 10
people in attendance. Dr. Hartzell updated the group by reviewing
activities of the Data Collection, International, and Contemporary
Issues in Optometry Committees. He also reported on the current
status of the Council on Optometric Practitioner Education (COPE).
Most north central states are COPE members and report being
satisfied with the growth and development of the organization.
All boards were invited to attend the IAB annual meeting to be
held in St. Louis, MO, June 9-11. The members in attendance felt the
National Board/IAB joint workshop is very helpful and would like to
see it continued. In addition, attendees were encouraged to become
more involved with the IAB by either running for election or putting
their names forward to work on a committee. It was pointed out that
two directors terms were expiring at the Annual Meeting.
SOUTHWEST REGIONAL MEETING
The Southwest Council of Optometry State Leaders Conference and
the IAB Southwest Regional Meeting were held March 14-16 in Dallas,
TX. The meeting was chaired by Dr. John Musselman and the IAB
representative was Dr. Ronald Serfoss, IAB Secretary-Treasurer.
There were representatives from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas boards
of optometry; University of Houston College of Optometry; and North
Eastern State College of Optometry. David Swankin, President of the
Citizen's Advocacy Center and a member of Pew Health Professions
Commission Taskforce on Health Care Workforce Regulation was the
featured presenter for the morning session.
Mr. Swankin's presentation and discussion covered topics on the
National Fraud and Abuse Disciplinary Reporting requirement of the
Kennedy-Kassebaum Act. States expressed concern over the possible
difference in the definition of a disciplinary action among
different states and the national requirement, i.e. when shall a
disciplinary action be released by a board
.when is an investigation
is opened?
.after probable cause?
.after final disposition? States
have differing rules governing when this becomes public knowledge.
Scope of practice changes and different professions' overlapping
responsibility was discussed relative to the Pew Commission
recommendation that "States should explore pathways to allow all
professionals to provide services to the full extent of their
current knowledge, training, experience and skills." Mr. Swankin
raised an interesting perspective that in cases of change of scope
of practice the opponents should be asked to show by outcomes
analysis why the petitioners of change cannot safely expand the
scope of practice.
The IAB discussions in the afternoon were about the expanding
acceptance of COPE, impaired provider treatment programs, National
Board Report, credentialing of optometrists and several state board
reports.
MOUNTAIN WEST REGIONAL MEETING
The Mountain West Regional Meeting was held on May 3, 1997, in
Las Vegas, NV.
Attendees expressed much interest in endorsement, and were
interested to learn that the IAB was planning on holding a panel
discussion on the issue at the St. Louis Annual Meeting. Telehealth
proved to be a largely new topic for those present, however,
interest was exhibited over the IAB's continued project to collect
licensee information in an effort to evaluate the demographic trend
of optometrists nationally. Attendees noted the issue of declining
scores for Part I of the National Board exams and expressed concern.
Wyoming and California noted that they would shortly be accepting
Part III Clinical Skills exam results towards licensure, and
California noted that 1/5th of practitioners in their state were now
TPA licensed. A comment was made that California HMO's were not
permitting O.D.'s to practice to the full extent of their new TPA
scope of practice, and Dr. Salimeno noted that Maryland was also
apparently dealing with the same issue. All attendees indicated that
a representative from their board would be attending the Annual
Meeting.
Representing the IAB was Board Member Dr. Frank Salimeno. Board
representatives in attendance: Dr. John Anthony (CA); Dr. Mike
Harris (WY); Dr. Hal Marsell (Emeritus, IAB Board); Dr. Brian
Anderson (NV); Dr. Russ Jones (AZ); and Ms. Denyne Kowalewsi
(COA-Legislative Analyst).
REGIONAL MEETING DATES FOR 1998
ANNOUNCED
Details on the IAB Regional Meetings scheduled for 1998 are
below. These meetings are open to anyone, however, specific
invitations to attend are mailed only to those optometry boards in
geographic proximity to the meeting site. If you wish to attend a
meeting for which your board would typically not receive an
invitation, please contact the IAB office and we will be glad to
register you for the meeting.
Please note that the North Central and Great Western Regional IAB
Meetings have been canceled in 1998 due to low attendance and lack
of interest expressed by the boards of optometry in those regions.
Boards in those regions will instead be invited to other regional
meetings hosted by IAB.
Tentative agenda topics for 1998 meetings:
- COE accreditation standards
- Immigration Reform Bill 1996
- Continued Competency
- Telehealth
- Health Care Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HCIPDB)
- COPE - changes to program
The schedule for 1998 is as follows:
Southern Regional IAB Meeting Wednesday, February 25,
1998 Meeting site: The Atlanta Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA,
Invited Boards: AL, AR, DE, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MD, MI, MN,
MO, MS, NC, OH, Ontario, PA, PR, Quebec, SC, TN, VA, WI, WV, VI
Southwest Regional IAB Meeting Saturday, March 14,
1998 Meeting site: Addison Summerfield Suites Hotel, Addison, TX
Invited Boards: AR, CO, IA, IL, IN, KS, LA, MN, MO, ND, NE, NM, OK,
SD, TX, WI
Northeast Regional Meeting Friday, May 1,
1998 Meeting site: Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA The
Northeast Region States hold their own Regional Meeting; the IAB
does not create the agenda, but each year the IAB requests time from
that year's host board to provide information on the activities of
the IAB Participating Boards: CT, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, RI, VT
Mountain West Regional IAB Meeting Friday, May 1,
1998 Meeting site: Bally's Casino Resort, Las Vegas, NV Invited
Boards: AK, AZ, CA, CO, GU, HI, ID, KS, MT, ND, NE, NV, NM, OR, SD,
UT, WA, WY
THE GREENSHEET - Fall Issue 1997
The Greensheet is published quarterly by the IAB, 4401 East West
Highway, Suite 205, Bethesda, MD 20814-4521. Copyright 1997,
International Association of Boards of Examiners in Optometry, Inc.
All rights reserved. Information/address changes: Write to IAB at
address above. Subscriptions: Free upon request; send subscription
request to IAB at address above (optometry board members
automatically receive a free subscription).
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